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The complete MachineCalcs calculator directory, grouped by workflow. The homepage shows previews; this page keeps every calculator reachable without forcing every category fully open at once.
Springs 17 Gears 23 GD&T 8 Machining 42 Materials 33 Hydraulics 56 HVAC 21 Electrical 20 Power Transmission 19 Automotive 49 Aviation 27 Electromechanical 5 Fasteners 23 Sheet Metal 12 Structural 39
Compression Spring Rate, Wahl-corrected stress, force, coil-bind travel and buckling, with built-in material data. Spring Buckling Compression spring buckling critical deflection, no-buckling free length and required mean diameter from free length, coil diameter and end type. Spring Pitch Compression spring body pitch, solid height, active-coil gap, travel to solid and free length from target pitch. Spring Design Back-solve wire diameter and active coils from target load, travel, diameter and spring index, then re-check the rounded shop candidate. Spring Force Compression spring force from deflection, with stress, solid height and buckling checks. Spring Deflection Compression spring deflection from load, with stress and travel-to-solid checks. Spring Wire Size Solve required compression-spring wire diameter from target rate, then check stress and travel. Music Wire Spring ASTM A228 music-wire spring rate, force, tensile strength and corrected stress. Spring Index Spring index C = D/d with mean, inside and outside diameter conversion. Spring Rate Spring rate (spring constant) from wire size, coil diameter and material. Spring Natural Frequency Helical spring natural frequency, spring mass, effective moving mass and operating-frequency separation. Extension Spring Rate, spring index and force at extension including initial tension. Extension Spring Hook Stress First-pass extension-spring hook and end-loop stress screen from load, wire size, coil diameter, bend radii and entered allowables. Spring Constant Spring constant from two measured load/deflection points (Hooke’s law). Torsion Spring Deflection angle, rate per turn and Wahl-corrected inner-fibre bending stress for a helical torsion spring. Belleville Washer Load Disc spring load at deflection, flat load, OM set stress and series/parallel stack travel by the DIN 2092 (Almen-Laszlo) method. Spring Fatigue Life Goodman/Zimmerli infinite-life screen from Fmin-Fmax: alternating and mean Wahl stress, endurance line and shot-peening effect.
Gear Generator Generate an involute spur gear profile with live preview and DXF export. Gear DXF Generator Generate an involute spur gear DXF for CAD/CAM from module or diametral pitch. Spur Gear Spur gear geometry, undercut warning, center distance and DXF export. Involute Gear Tooth geometry from module/DP and pressure angle, with a tooth-profile render and DXF export. Base Circle Diameter Involute gear base circle diameter, base radius and base pitch from pitch diameter, module, DP or circular pitch. Gear Tooth Involute spur gear tooth thickness, addendum, dedendum, whole depth and undercut margin. Addendum Dedendum Spur gear addendum, dedendum, whole depth, clearance, outside diameter and root diameter from module, DP or circular pitch. Gear Backlash Spur gear backlash allowance from module, DP or circular pitch, with angular backlash and tooth-thickness reduction. Gear Contact Ratio Transverse spur gear contact ratio, path of contact, base pitch and working pressure angle. Gear Ratio Gear ratio with output RPM, torque and vehicle speed from tire size. Gear Center Distance Spur gear center distance from module/DP and two tooth counts. Gear Pitch Convert module, diametral pitch and circular pitch, plus pitch diameter. Pitch Diameter Gear pitch diameter from module, DP or circular pitch and tooth count. Gear Module Module from pitch or outside diameter and teeth, with nearest ISO module, diametral pitch and circular pitch. Gear Tooth Ratio Single- or two-stage gear-train ratio and output speed from tooth counts. Planetary Gear Epicyclic gear ratio for ring-, sun- or carrier-fixed arrangements. Worm Gear Worm drive ratio, center distance, lead angle and self-locking check. Bevel Gear Straight bevel gear ratio, pitch cone angles, cone distance, face width, RPM and torque. Helical Gear Parallel-shaft helical gear ratio, transverse module, pitch diameters, center distance, axial pitch and lead. Gear Pitch Line Velocity Gear pitch-line velocity from pitch diameter or module/DP/circular pitch and RPM, with optional transmitted power from torque. Span Measurement Over Teeth Base tangent length W over k teeth from module/DP, pressure angle and profile shift, with recommended span count and contact check. Profile Shift Coefficient Minimum shift to avoid undercut, tip thinning checks, working pressure angle and modified center distance for shifted gears. Gear Mesh Force Tangential, radial and axial tooth loads from torque, pitch diameter, pressure angle, helix angle and service factor.
True Position GD&T true position from X/Y deviation with MMC bonus tolerance and a pass/fail check. MMC Bonus Tolerance MMC/LMC bonus tolerance from a feature’s departure from its material limit. Composite Position Tolerance Two-tier PLTZF/FRTZF position check from X/Y deviation. Flatness Tolerance Flatness (surface form) from measured points, with a pass/fail check. Hole & Shaft Fit ISO 286 hole-basis clearance-fit limits and clearance (H7/g6, H8/f7, …). Press Fit / Interference Interference-fit contact pressure, assembly force, torque capacity and hub stress (Lamé). Cylindricity & Runout Runout (TIR) and cylindricity zone from indicator and diameter readings. Tolerance Stack-Up Worst-case and RSS tolerance stack limits from signed dimensions and plus/minus tolerances.
Surface Feet per Minute Cutting speed (SFM / m·min) and diameter to spindle RPM, with cutting speeds by material. Cutting Speed Convert cutting speed to spindle RPM, or calculate actual SFM / m·min from RPM and diameter. Bore & Stroke Engine displacement (cc / L / ci) and bore/stroke ratio from bore, stroke and cylinders. Tap Drill Size Tap drill diameter for any metric or unified thread at your chosen % thread engagement. Unified Thread Limits (2A/2B) ASME B1.1 limits from diameter and TPI: 2A allowance, major and pitch diameter limits, 2B pitch and minor limits — table-exact, any UNS pitch. Keyway Dimension Standard parallel key & keyway dimensions for a shaft per DIN 6885-1. CNC Speeds and Feeds Spindle RPM, feed rate, feed per rev and material removal rate from material, tool, flutes and chip load. Milling Horsepower Milling material removal rate, cutting power, spindle horsepower, torque and chip load from cut engagement and feed. Turning Horsepower Turning material removal rate, cutting power, spindle horsepower, torque and cutting force from speed, feed and depth. Drilling Horsepower Drilling material removal rate, cutting power, spindle horsepower and torque from drill diameter, RPM, feed and kc. Machining Time Estimate CNC feed time, cycle time, batch time and parts per hour from toolpath length, feed rate, RPM, chip load and passes. Machine Shop Rate Estimate a loaded shop hourly rate from labor wage, burden, monthly overhead, billable utilization and target margin. Machining Cost Estimate CNC part cost from material, setup, cycle time, shop rate, tooling, secondary work and markup. Injection Molding Shot Size Estimate shot weight, barrel utilization, machine capacity range and clamp force from part weight, cavities, runner weight and projected area. Chip Load Chip load (feed per tooth) ↔ milling feed rate from RPM and flutes — Vf = fz·Z·n. Radial Chip Thinning Compensated feed per tooth and table feed for light stepovers: target chip ÷ √(1−(1−2ae/D)²), with thinning factor and engagement angle. G76 Threading Infeed Constant-chip-area threading passes: cumulative depth total × √(n/N) with the full pass ladder, first/last depths and a rubbing check. Coolant Mix Ratio Concentrate and water for a fill at target %, sump correction from refractometer reading × factor, and the expected Brix at target. Grinding Wheel Speed Wheel surface speed vs the marked max RPM (never exceeded), plus cylindrical work speed and the 60-100 q ratio. Knurl Blank Diameter Nearest tracking diameter from TPI, diametral pitch or linear pitch: whole teeth around the work, the correction to turn and finished OD. Arc Radius Radius from chord and height (r = c²/8h + h/2) or sagitta from radius and chord, with diameter, included angle and arc length. Cutoff & Grooving Cycle Time Parting/plunge time at constant surface speed with the RPM clamp: CSS and clamped phases, clamp diameter, and time saved vs constant RPM. Grinding Contact Length Equivalent diameter for surface/OD/ID grinding and the arc of contact lc = √(ae·De) — why bores need softer wheels than shafts. Tool Runout vs Chip Load Max/min feed per tooth from measured TIR (f_z ± TIR), runout share vs the ~10% guideline, allowable runout and the single-tooth flag. Bandsaw Cut Time Time per cut from section area and the blade chart’s area rate (t = A ÷ Q), round or rectangular stock, bundles, and feed-on cuts per hour. Surface Finish Theoretical turning Ra & Rz from feed and nose radius — or the max feed for a target finish. Surface Finish Ra/Rz Converter Approximate conversion between Ra, Rz, RMS and ISO N roughness grade. Tapping Feed Rate Tapping feed rate Vf = spindle RPM × thread pitch; the feed per rev equals the pitch. Drilling Feed Rate Drilling feed rate, point allowance, cycle time, cutting speed and material removal rate. Peck Drilling Plan peck count, programmed depth, feed time and G83/G73-style retract overhead. Thread Mill Feed Compensate thread-mill feed for helical interpolation — tool-centre from cutting-edge feed. Helical Ramp Entry Plan end-mill helical ramp pitch, turns, path length, entry time and ramp feed from angle, depth and bore or tool-center path diameter. Sine Bar Gauge-block stack for a sine bar set to an angle (or the angle from a stack) — h = L·sin θ. Taper Per Foot Taper per foot, taper angle, compound angle, taper ratio and lathe tailstock setover from two diameters and taper length. Ball Nose Stepover Scallop height between parallel ball-nose passes — or the stepover for a target finish. End Mill Deflection End-mill stickout deflection, stress, L/D ratio and required diameter from radial force, flute length and stiffness factor. Boring Bar Deflection Static tool tip deflection, bending stress, L/D overhang ratio and required diameter for boring bars or cutter stickout. Countersink Depth Plunge depth and chamfer width of a conical countersink from angle, rim and hole diameter. Dividing Head Indexing Crank turns and index-plate holes from a division count or DMS angle — B&S plates or custom circle, any worm ratio. Lathe Change Gear Screw-cutting gear trains for any pitch on any leadscrew — exact via 127, or closest train with ppm error. Drill Point Length Drill tip allowance and total blind-hole depth from diameter, point angle and full-diameter depth. Dovetail Over-pin / between-pin measurement for inspecting a male or female dovetail slide.
Metal Weight Weight, order weight, material cost, weight-per-length and cross-section area for bar, tube, plate or angle in any metal. Thermal Expansion Linear thermal growth or shrinkage from material coefficient, length and temperature change. Chvorinov Solidification Time Casting modulus, Chvorinov solidification time, riser time ratio and required riser modulus from volume and cooling area. Casting Yield Foundry casting yield, molds to pour, melt charge, return metal and rough metal cost from casting, gate, riser, reject and melt-loss inputs. Casting Gating System Foundry pour rate, choke area, runner area and ingate area from casting weight, yield, head and gating ratio. Board Feet Lumber board feet, board feet chart rows, waste allowance, species-based weight and cost from thickness, width, length and quantity. Lumber Weight Wood and timber weight from actual board dimensions, quantity and density, with board feet and weight per length. Wood Movement / Shrinkage Across-grain wood movement from width, moisture-content change, grain orientation, shrinkage coefficients and FSP. Wood Moisture Content Oven-dry wood moisture content, target sample weight and batch water to remove or regain from current and oven-dry sample weights. Wood Stain Coverage Wood stain, paint and clear finish volume, container count and cost from area, coats, species absorption, surface condition and waste. Plywood Sheet Plywood, OSB or sheet-goods count, waste allowance, extra coverage and cost from project area and sheet size. Plywood Cut Optimizer Pack repeated plywood, MDF, OSB or melamine rectangles into full sheets with kerf, edge trim, rotation, yield, cost and a layout preview. Veneer Coverage Wood veneer sheet count, buy area, matching allowance, leftover, utilization and cost from panel dimensions, face count, yield and waste. Wood Glue Consumption Wood glue and adhesive quantity, containers, leftover, effective spread rate and cost from bonding area, coated faces, waste and spread rate. Panel Glue-Up Woodworking panel glue-up strip count, rough boards, glue lines, clamps, board feet, kerf waste, offcuts, yield and cost. Shelf Sag Wood, plywood, MDF or particleboard shelf deflection from span, depth, thickness, load, support condition and material stiffness. Cabinet Door Size Overlay or inset cabinet door width, height, center gap and slab area from a measured opening, reveal or overlay settings. Cabinet Face Frame Opening Cabinet face-frame opening width, opening height, rows, columns, rail length, stile length and frame stock length from outside frame size, rails, stiles and dividers. Drawer Box Size Cabinet drawer box width, height, depth, side panels, front/back panels, bottom panel and interior volume from opening, slide clearance, setbacks and material thickness. Drawer Slide Cabinet drawer slide clearances, box width, box height, available slide depth, rounded slide length, depth reserve and estimated travel. Shelf Pin Hole Spacing 32 mm system shelf-pin layout: hole count, first/last positions and remainder from interior height, pitch and clearances. Edge Banding Cabinet and panel edge-banding roll length, roll count, leftover, utilization and cost from panel size, edged sides, trim allowance and waste. Dust Collector CFM Woodshop dust-collector CFM from tool port diameter, transport velocity, active branches, airflow allowance and main duct velocity. Cut List Linear woodworking cut list for repeated board parts, stock boards, kerf, end trim, board feet, yield and cost. Kerf Width Saw kerf loss, required stock length, remaining offcut, yield and cut-loss cost from blade width, cut count and repeated part length. Kerf Bending Woodworking kerf-bend cut count, spacing, layout length, cut depth, remaining web and slot-closure screen from radius, angle, stock and saw kerf. Dovetail Spacing Woodworking dovetail tail and pin layout from board width, species, tail count, pin ratio, thickness and 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 or custom angle. Mortise and Tenon Woodworking mortise and tenon joint layout for tenon thickness ratio, cheek cuts, shoulders, mortise dimensions, clearances and glue contact area. Dado & Groove Woodworking dado and groove layout marks, slot width, cut depth, remaining thickness, cutter passes, glue area and chip volume. Larson-Miller Parameter Creep time-temperature parameter LMP = T(C + log t)/1000 with an equivalent-time trade at a what-if temperature. Carburizing Case Depth Harris d = K·√t case depth from carburizing time and temperature, effective-case estimate and time for a target depth. Martensite Start Temperature Ms from steel composition (Andrews 1965) plus martensite fraction and retained austenite at the quench temperature (Koistinen-Marburger). Heat Treat Soak Time Hour-per-inch soak rule with austenitize/temper/anneal floors from the governing section thickness.
Hydraulic Cylinder Force Push and pull force with the rod-area differential shown explicitly. Standard ISO bore chart included. Hydraulic Cylinder Hydraulic cylinder push/pull force, stroke speed and standard bore sizing. Hydraulic Cylinder Speed Hydraulic cylinder speed design from bore, rod, stroke and flow, with target-time flow requirements. Hydraulic Cylinder Rod Buckling Hydraulic cylinder rod Euler buckling, yield load, safety factor, required rod diameter and max unsupported length. Cylinder Force Cylinder push and pull force from bore, rod diameter and pressure. Hydraulic Pressure Required bar/psi from target cylinder force, bore, rod and stroke direction. Hydraulic Pump Flow & HP Pump output flow and hydraulic/shaft power from displacement, speed and pressure. Hydraulic Oil Cooler Sizing Hydraulic heat load, oil cooler catalog rating, selected capacity, utilization and oil temperature rise from pump and ETD data. Hydraulic Intensifier Ratio Booster ratio (D1/D2)², outlet pressure and flow, and drive force of a piston pressure intensifier. Hydraulic Regeneration Circuit Regen extend speed Q/A_rod, available force, speed gain and the combined cap-end flow the lines must carry. Pneumatic Cylinder Force Air-cylinder extend and retract force from bore, rod, gauge pressure and efficiency. Pneumatic Air Consumption Free-air consumption per cycle and per minute for a pneumatic cylinder. Compressed Air Receiver Sizing Compressed-air receiver volume, stored free air, reserve time, utilization and recharge time from demand, compressor FAD and pressure band. Compressed Air Leak Cost Compressed-air leak flow, wasted compressor kW, annual kWh, cost and repair payback from measured SCFM or orifice size. Compressed Air Pipe Sizing Compressed-air pipe velocity, pressure drop, outlet pressure and required actual ID from SCFM/Nl/min, pressure, length, roughness and fittings. Hydraulic Accumulator Sizing Gas-charged accumulator volume from usable oil volume, precharge and pressure range. Hydraulic Motor Torque Motor torque, required flow and shaft power from displacement, pressure drop and speed. Hydraulic Reservoir Size First-pass hydraulic tank volume from pump flow, residence time and usable oil fraction. Filter Beta Ratio Beta ratio ⇄ capture efficiency from multipass counts: β = up/down, η = (1−1/β)×100, with particles passed per million. Pneumatic Valve Cv Estimate air valve Cv from flow, upstream/downstream pressure and temperature. Hydraulic Fluid Velocity Hydraulic oil velocity, target utilization, required line ID and Reynolds number from flow, actual ID and line type. Hydraulic Hose Pressure Drop Estimate hose pressure loss, oil velocity, Reynolds number and heat loss from flow, bore and viscosity. Pipe Flow Pressure Drop Water-pipe velocity, Reynolds number, Darcy pressure drop, head loss and power loss from flow, pipe ID, length and fittings. Water Hammer Pressure Pipe surge pressure, wave speed, critical closure time and pressure-rating margin from flow, pipe geometry, wall thickness and closure time. Pipe Size by Flow Velocity Required pipe inside diameter from flow and target velocity, with Darcy pressure drop and head loss at the solved ID. Pipe Volume Pipe liquid capacity, contained volume, fluid mass and fill or drain time from actual ID, length, run count, flow and density. Expansion Tank Sizing Hydronic expansion volume, required acceptance, minimum diaphragm tank volume, selected-tank utilization and maximum pressure check. Water Heater Recovery Rate Recovery gph/L-h from input power, efficiency and temperature rise, plus full-tank recovery time and a first-hour estimate. Pool Turnover Rate Pump flow for a target turnover, the turnover your pump actually delivers, turnovers per day and daily filtered volume. Pipe Trench Backfill Pipe trench excavation, bedding, pipe displacement, native backfill, imported backfill and loose spoil haul-off takeoff. Pipe Slope Drain and pipe layout slope, fall, pitch, end invert elevation, inches per foot and 1:n ratio from run length or invert elevations. Pipe Rolling Offset Pipefitter rolling offset layout from rise, roll, fitting angle and takeout, with true offset, travel, cut length, advance and roll angle. Pipe Fitting Takeout Cut length from center-to-center with ASME B16.9 elbow/tee/cap takeouts at each end plus weld root gaps. Pipe Bend Developed Length Pipe bend centerline arc length and developed cut length from bend angle, radius, OD and tangents, with chord, setback and blank margin. Pipe Miter Cut Pipe miter cut angle, long-to-short difference and wrap-around template drops from OD, turn angle and miter piece count. Pipe Saddle Cut Centered branch-pipe saddle and lateral coping template from header OD, branch OD and branch angle, with 16-mark drops. Pipe Reducer Offset Concentric and eccentric pipe reducer offset, long/short side lengths, taper angles and shell-area estimate from actual ODs and reducer length. Catch Basin Sizing Catch basin and yard-drain runoff, grate open area, inlet velocity, Manning outlet pipe capacity and limiting drainage area. Trench Drain Sizing Trench drain design flow, grate open area, rectangular channel capacity, outlet pipe capacity and required channel depth. Gutter & Downspout Sizing Roof runoff, gutter run capacity, downspout capacity, required gutter depth and limiting roof area from rainfall and gutter geometry. French Drain Sizing French-drain runoff, gravel void storage, perforated pipe capacity, storage duration, required trench length and limiting drainage area. Septic Tank Size Minimum septic tank size from bedrooms and cited state code-table minimums, with a garbage-disposal step and a 2x daily-flow cross-check. Swale Capacity Vegetated drainage swale runoff, trapezoidal channel capacity, velocity, required depth, freeboard and limiting drainage area. Sump Pump Capacity Sump pump inflow, required pump capacity at head, basin drawdown volume, pump run time, cycle rate and high-water reserve time. Pump Total Dynamic Head TDH = static lift + Hazen-Williams friction + discharge pressure for a sump/sewage/lift pump, with the 2 ft/s scour-velocity check. Culvert Capacity Culvert runoff, circular or box barrel Manning capacity, full-flow velocity, required size and limiting drainage area. HDPE Bend Radius HDPE and PE pipe minimum bend radius, required curve length, available deflection, chord length and offset from OD and radius multiplier. Pipe Support Span Pipe hanger or support spacing screen from OD, wall thickness, material stiffness, fluid fill, uniform load, deflection and bending stress. Pipe Thermal Expansion Pipe thermal growth, movement allowance, center-anchor movement, fully restrained stress and anchor force from length, temperature, material, OD and wall. Pipe Insulation Heat Loss Insulated pipe heat loss, heat saved versus bare pipe, surface temperature rise, annual energy and cost from OD, insulation, k-value and temperature difference. Pipe Pressure Rating Barlow thin-wall pipe pressure rating, required wall thickness, hoop stress, utilization and wall margin from OD, wall, allowable stress and design pressure. Pump NPSH NPSH available, margin and ratio from absolute suction pressure, static head, vapor pressure, line loss and density. Orifice Flow Rate Liquid orifice flow rate from diameter, pressure drop, discharge coefficient and density, with velocity and mass flow. Chemical Feed Rate Water-treatment chemical feed rate, metering-pump setting, mL/min, gpd and day-tank runtime from flow, ppm dose, strength and specific gravity. Water Softener Sizing Size softener resin volume, usable grain capacity, regeneration interval, gallons between regenerations and salt use from hardness and water demand. O-Ring Gland O-ring squeeze, stretch and gland fill from cross section, installed diameter and groove dimensions.
A2L Refrigerant Charge Limit Max allowable A2L refrigerant charge (R-454B, R-32) and minimum room area by floor area and mounting height, per the UL 60335-2-40 / ASHRAE 15 relation — screen an install against the 2025 AIM Act limits. Furnace BTU Screen furnace BTU/h from floor area, heating load factor, design temperature difference, AFUE and supply airflow. Mini Split Sizing Screen ductless mini-split room BTU/h from area, ceiling height, design temperatures, sun exposure, envelope quality, occupants, equipment gains and margin. Fan Law Fan affinity laws: new CFM, static pressure and brake power from a speed change, or required RPM for a target airflow. Duct Size Size round and rectangular HVAC ducts from airflow by target velocity or friction rate, with pressure drop and velocity checks. Duct Friction Loss Calculate round, spiral or rectangular duct pressure loss from airflow, duct size, total equivalent length, roughness and air density. Duct Transition HVAC duct reducer and transition length, taper angle, inlet/outlet velocity, velocity pressure change and sheet-metal blank area from rectangular or round outlet geometry. Air Changes per Hour Required airflow from room volume and target ACH, plus actual air changes per hour from design or measured airflow. Infiltration ACH Natural Blower-door ACH50 to natural infiltration via the LBL-style N factor, with CFM50 and average natural airflow. Makeup Air CFM Exhaust balance for kitchen hoods and other fans: required makeup air with the ~400 CFM residential trigger flagged. Condensate Drain Size Minimum drain size from combined cooling tons per the IMC/UPC bands, with band headroom and required fall at 1/8 in/ft. Window SHGC Heat Gain Solar gain through glazing: q = SHGC × A × I from the NFRC rating, glass area and incident irradiance, with cooling tons and per-area flux. Duct Fitting Pressure Loss Dynamic loss for any fitting from your C coefficient: velocity pressure ρV²/2, ΔP = C × VP, totaled across identical fittings. HVAC Airflow & BTU Load Sensible BTU/h or kW from airflow and temperature difference, with required CFM, cooling tons and CFM per ton. BTU/GPM Delta T Hydronic BTU/h or kW from liquid flow and Delta T, with required GPM, required Delta T, mass flow and a 500 x GPM x Delta F water-shortcut comparison. HVAC Static Pressure Total external static pressure from duct, filter, coil, terminal and accessory drops, with margin against blower available static. Coil Bypass Factor Bypass and contact factor from entering/leaving dry-bulb and apparatus dew point, with the 0.05-0.30 comfort band. Diversity Factor Cooling Load DF = block load over sum of zone peaks, or apply a known factor to size central plant, with the capacity reduction shown. Grille Size Size HVAC grilles, registers and diffusers from airflow, target face velocity and free-area ratio. Refrigerant Line Size Screen suction and liquid refrigerant line IDs from capacity, equivalent length, entered refrigerant properties, velocity targets and pressure-drop budgets. Refrigerant Line Charge Estimate added refrigerant charge from line-set length, factory-included length and manufacturer charge rate or liquid-line volume.
Voltage Drop Voltage drop, percent drop, load-end voltage and suggested conductor area from phase, wire size, current or transformer kVA and one-way length. Ampacity Derating Adjusted conductor ampacity from base ampacity, ambient correction, conductor-count adjustment, terminal cap and load multiplier. Parallel Conductor Ampacity Total usable ampacity for parallel conductors from user-entered per-conductor ampacity, derating factors, terminal cap and current-sharing allowance. Feeder Conductor Size Two-path conductor check: 125% continuous + noncontinuous at terminations, and corrected ampacity vs load after derating. Dwelling Service Load NEC 220.82 optional-method structure: 100%/40% general demand plus the largest heating/cooling option, amps and next standard size. Access Control Power Supply Low-voltage access-control supply amperage, wire voltage drop, recommended AWG and standby battery amp-hours from lock, reader, accessory and panel currents. Transformer kVA Single-phase or three-phase transformer kVA from volts and amps or kW and power factor, with standard-size chart rounding. Short-Circuit Current Transformer secondary short-circuit current and available fault current from kVA, impedance percent, X/R ratio, optional source and downstream impedance. Motor Full-Load Amps Formula motor full-load amps from horsepower or kW, voltage, phase, efficiency and power factor, with design-current and service-factor checks. Motor Inrush Current Locked-rotor amps from the nameplate code letter (NEC 430.7(B) kVA/hp bands), single or three phase, with the times-FLA multiple. Transformer Secondary Conductor NEC 240.21(C) rule paths (10 ft, 25 ft, industrial, outside, primary-protected): required ampacity with the governing rule named — table-free. Motor Feeder Sizing NEC 430.24 feeder ampacity for several motors (125% largest + the rest + non-motor loads) and the 430.62(A) max OCPD — table-free. Motor Overload Size Motor overload relay or heater target setting from nameplate FLA, entered multiplier, selected setting and running-current margin. Grounding Conductor Size Equipment grounding conductor size from upstream OCPD rating, copper/aluminum material, selected EGC size and voltage-drop upsizing ratio. Off-Grid Solar Off-grid PV array watts, battery bank amp-hours, installed battery kWh, charge-controller current and inverter size from daily load and peak sun hours. Solar String Sizing PV modules in series/parallel from module Voc/Vmp temperature coefficients, inverter MPPT window, max DC voltage and input current. Conduit Fill Raceway fill worksheet from conductor count, insulation area and conduit trade size, with NEC-style 53/31/40/60% limits. Electrical Box Fill Outlet, switch and junction box fill from conductor counts, AWG volume allowances, device yokes, grounds, clamps and support fittings. Conduit Bend Offset Two-bend conduit offset layout worksheet from offset height and bend angle, with multiplier, mark spacing, shrink, run margin and bend budget. Conduit Pull Tension Wire or cable pull tension, capstan bend multiplier, sidewall pressure and utilization from route length, friction, bend angle and manufacturer limits.
Pulley Pulley ratio, driven RPM and belt speed from pulley diameters. Sprocket Sprocket ratio, RPM, chain speed and pitch diameters for a chain drive. Sprocket Pitch Diameter Roller-chain sprocket pitch diameter from chain pitch and tooth count, plus chain travel per rev and speed. Belt Length Two-pulley belt length and wrap angle from center distance and diameters. V-Belt Length Solve V-belt pitch length or center distance, plus wrap angle, ratio, RPM and belt speed. Chain Length Roller-chain length in links and mm from sprocket teeth and center distance. Chain Pull Chain effective pull, design pull, pitch-line speed and sprocket torque from power, pitch diameter and RPM. Roller Chain Tension Roller-chain tension from chain pitch, driver teeth, RPM and power, with service factor, strand count and allowable tension margin. Overhung Load Overhung shaft load, bearing reactions, load amplification and bending moment from torque, pitch diameter and load position. Bearing Life (L10) Basic L10 rating life in revolutions and hours from load, speed and rating. Bearing Load Equivalent dynamic/static bearing load from radial and axial loads plus catalog X/Y factors. Timing Belt Timing-belt pitch length, exact/whole belt teeth, selected-belt center distance, pulley pitch diameters, wrap and teeth in mesh. Lead Screw Torque Size lead screw torque, available thrust, linear speed and critical RPM from load, lead, efficiency, screw diameter and support layout. Rack and Pinion Rack travel per pinion revolution, linear speed and force from module, teeth, RPM and torque. Belt Tension Tight-side, slack-side and effective belt tension from power, speed, wrap angle and friction. Belt Drive Service Factor V-belt service factor from machine class, driver type and duty, with design power = motor power x SF. Spline Torque Capacity First-pass spline torque capacity from flank pressure, pitch diameter and engagement length. Flywheel Energy Stored rotational energy, inertia and rim speed for a disk, ring or rim flywheel. Torque Power RPM Solve shaft power, torque or RPM from P = T x omega in kW/hp and N*m/lbf*ft.
Tire Size Compare tire diameter, circumference, revs per mile/km and speedometer change from tire sizes. Wheel Offset Compare wheel width, offset, spacer, backspacing, inner clearance and outer poke. Engine RPM Cruise engine RPM from road speed, tire diameter, transmission gear, final drive and transfer ratio. Vehicle Speed Road speed from engine RPM, tire diameter, transmission gear, final drive and transfer ratio. Gear Speed Table Speed in 1st through 6th gear from target RPM, tire diameter, transmission ratios and final drive. Final Drive Ratio Required axle or final-drive ratio from target RPM, road speed, tire diameter and transmission ratio. RPM Drop After-shift RPM, RPM drop and power-band margin from shift RPM and gear-ratio spacing. Torque Converter Slip Converter or clutch slip percentage from measured RPM, road speed, tire diameter and drivetrain ratios. Wheel Torque Wheel torque and tire contact force from engine torque, gear ratios, efficiency and tire radius. Aero Drag Horsepower Aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance and wheel horsepower needed to hold a target road speed. Fleet Fuel Cost Fleet route fuel, idle fuel, daily fuel, period fuel cost and cost per mile from MPG, route distance, vehicles and trips. Fleet Maintenance Cost Maintenance cost per mile from parts, labor, tires and outside repairs, with per-vehicle-month and annualized budgeting views. Trucking Fuel Surcharge Per-mile trucking fuel surcharge, total FSC, linehaul split and diesel recovery margin from entered diesel price, base price, MPG and miles. Freight Density Freight density, pallet cube, dimensional weight and billable-weight screen from handling-unit weight, count and packed dimensions. Truckload Capacity Truckload pallet positions, stack levels, trailer cube, payload margin and limiting factor from trailer and pallet dimensions. Truck Axle Load Static front and rear axle loads, GVWR margin, GAWR margins and remaining payload from scale weights, wheelbase and cargo CG positions. Truck Payload Truck payload used, GVWR margin, front/rear axle loads and extra cargo capacity from ratings, scale weights and load split. Trailer Tongue Weight Trailer tongue weight, tongue percent, axle-group load and load-position shift from empty trailer weight, hitch-to-axle distance and cargo CG locations. Towing Capacity Real towing math from your door-sticker GVWR/GCWR/curb: max trailer, tongue weight and the payload-after-tongue check. Ballast Weight Target ballast, counterweight mass, ballast weight chart, volume, standard weight count and mass-distance moment from load arms and material density. Tractor PTO Horsepower Tractor PTO and implement horsepower from shaft torque/RPM or draft pull/speed, with efficiency, margin, utilization and equivalent PTO torque. Quarter Mile Empirical quarter-mile ET and trap-speed estimate from race weight, engine power and drivetrain efficiency. Flywheel Inertia Flywheel inertia, stored energy, rim speed and gear-reflected equivalent vehicle mass. Stopping Distance Reaction distance, braking distance and total stopping distance from speed, reaction time and deceleration g. Brake Line Pressure Hydraulic brake line pressure from pedal force, pedal ratio, assist multiplier and master cylinder bore. Brake Master Cylinder Bore Required master cylinder bore from target line pressure, pedal force, pedal ratio and assist. Brake Bias Front/rear brake bias from line pressures, piston area, pad friction, rotor radius and tire radius. Brake Torque Disc brake torque, caliper clamp force and tire contact force from pressure, piston area and rotor radius. Brake Heat Stop energy and simple front/rear rotor temperature rise from speed, mass, brake bias and rotor mass. Lateral Acceleration Lateral g, lateral tire force and skidpad lap time from vehicle speed, turn radius and mass. Weight Transfer Longitudinal axle load transfer from mass, static balance, CG height, wheelbase and braking or acceleration g. Roll Center Load Transfer Axle lateral load transfer split into roll-center geometric and elastic components. Tire Contact Patch Tire normal load, contact patch area and approximate patch length from load and pressure. Ackermann Steering Ideal outside steer angle, turn radius and Ackermann percentage from wheelbase, track and steering angles. CV Joint Angle CV axle operating angle from shaft length and vertical or fore-aft offset between joint centers. Compression Ratio Static engine compression ratio from bore, stroke, chamber, piston, deck and gasket volumes. Dynamic Compression Ratio Dynamic engine compression ratio from static geometry, rod length and intake valve closing angle. Piston Speed Mean piston speed from stroke and RPM, plus RPM at a target piston speed. BMEP Brake mean effective pressure from torque, displacement and two-stroke or four-stroke cycle. Engine Airflow CFM Four-stroke engine airflow and mass airflow from displacement, RPM, VE, boost and air density. Exhaust Resonator Quarter-wave side-branch and Helmholtz resonator tuning from frequency, gas temperature, branch/neck size and cavity volume. Fuel Injector Flow Required injector flow rating from power, BSFC, injector count, duty cycle, density and fuel pressure. Valve Spring Rate Valve spring rate, seat load, open load, coil-bind clearance and open stress from wire diameter, coil geometry, installed height and lift. Clutch Torque Capacity Clutch torque capacity, design margin and required clamp force from friction, radius and surface count. Driveshaft RPM Driveshaft RPM, wheel RPM, speed at critical RPM and utilization from road speed, tire diameter and axle ratio. Driveshaft Critical Speed Tubular driveshaft first bending critical speed from length, diameter, wall thickness, modulus and density. Driveline Angle Front and rear U-joint working angles, largest angle and angle difference from transmission, driveshaft and pinion measurements. Suspension Wheel Rate Wheel rate and ride frequency from spring rate, motion ratio, installation angle and sprung corner mass. Corner Weight Total weight, front/rear balance, left/right balance, cross weight and wedge delta from four scale readings.
Maneuvering Speed Calculate Va from 1g stall speed and positive limit load factor, with load-factor caveats for POH/AFM use. Maneuvering Speed by Category Estimate Va from 1g stall speed using common normal, utility, acrobatic or custom load factors. Limit Load Factor from Va Back-solve implied positive limit load factor from maneuvering speed and 1g stall speed. Stall Speed from Va Infer 1g stall speed from maneuvering speed and positive limit load factor. Corner Speed Calculate simplified positive corner speed from 1g stall speed and limit load factor. Va Weight Adjustment Adjust a published maneuvering speed for operating weight using the square-root weight relation when the POH permits it. Va Weight Table Build a Va-by-weight table and chart from published Va, reference weight and actual weight. Stall Speed Estimate stall speed from aircraft weight, wing area, air density and CLmax using the lift equation. Stall Speed Weight Adjustment Adjust a published stall speed for actual weight using the square-root weight relation. Stall Margin Check available load factor, accelerated stall speed and airspeed margin for a planned g load. Load Factor Find coordinated level-turn load factor from bank angle and the accelerated stall speed from 1g stall speed. Bank Angle from Load Factor Convert load factor to equivalent coordinated level-turn bank angle and accelerated stall speed. Accelerated Stall Speed Calculate accelerated stall speed from 1g stall speed and load factor, with equivalent level-turn bank angle. Turn Radius Coordinated level-turn radius, turn rate and load factor from airspeed and bank angle. Turn Load Factor Calculate coordinated-turn load factor, bank angle and turn rate from true airspeed and turn radius. Standard Rate Turn Bank angle, radius and load factor for a standard-rate or target-rate turn from true airspeed. Density Altitude Estimate pressure altitude, ISA temperature deviation, dry-air density altitude and the 120 ft/C quick check from field elevation, altimeter setting and OAT. True Airspeed Estimate TAS from equivalent or approximate calibrated airspeed, pressure altitude and outside air temperature. Crosswind Component Headwind, tailwind, steady crosswind and gust crosswind components from wind direction, runway heading and speed. Glide Distance Still-air glide distance, descent angle, sink rate and time from altitude, glide ratio and glide speed. Climb Gradient Convert climb rate and ground speed into climb gradient, feet per nautical mile, climb angle and obstacle-height gain. Descent Planning Top-of-descent distance, descent time, actual descent angle and required descent rate for a target path. Aircraft Range & Endurance Endurance, reserve time, usable cruise time and still-air range from fuel quantity, burn rate and ground speed. V-n Diagram Simplified V-n envelope corner speeds from positive/negative stall speeds, limit loads and Vne. Approach Speed Estimate base Vref, gust additive and target approach speed from Vso and a reference factor. Aircraft Weight & Balance Calculate loaded aircraft weight, total moment, CG arm and margin to forward/aft CG limits from station weights and arms. Part 103 Ultralight Screen powered or unpowered ultralight weight, fuel, speed and basic use thresholds against 14 CFR Part 103.1.
Solenoid Force First-pass solenoid or electromagnet pull force from ampere-turns, air gap, pole area, leakage and saturation. Solenoid Magnetic Field Solenoid center field from turns, current, coil length, diameter and relative permeability, with finite-length correction. Magnetic Field On-axis magnetic field of an axially magnetized disc or cylinder magnet from grade, size and distance. Electromagnet Holding Force Holding force and safe working load from pole flux density, pole area, contact factor and safety factor. Magnet Pull Force Permanent-magnet pull-force screen from grade, shape, thickness, air gap, target surface and safety factor.
Bolt Preload & Torque Clamp force from tightening torque and nut factor, with proof-load utilization, target torque and preload scatter. Bolt Circle Coordinate X-Y hole coordinates and spacing on a bolt circle, with a layout render. Fillet Weld Size Effective throat and weld capacity from leg size, length and electrode (AWS/AISC). Weld Throat Fillet weld throat, throat area, capacity and required equal leg from equal/unequal legs, root opening and ASD/LRFD basis. Welding Amperage Starting MIG, TIG, stick and flux-cored amperage range from process, material, thickness and electrode setup. Carbon Equivalent Steel CE/CEV, Pcm and CET from weld chemistry, compared against entered procedure limits for preheat and weldability screening. Welding Heat Input Arc welding heat input in kJ/mm and kJ/in from voltage, current, travel speed and efficiency. Welding Duty Cycle Welder duty cycle by amperage, current limit, required cooldown and continuous-current estimate from a rated current/duty point. Welding Deposition Fillet weld deposited metal, filler mass and arc time from weld length, leg size, density and deposition rate. Weld Cost Per Inch Weld cost per inch, per foot and total job estimate from weld area, deposition rate, filler price, labor rate and overhead. Groove Weld Area Groove weld cross-section area, volume, deposited mass and filler takeoff from joint prep, root opening, bevel angle and weld length. Welding Wire Feed Speed MIG wire feed speed to filler mass rate, deposited metal rate and arc time from wire diameter, density and efficiency. Bolt Shear Strength Ultimate shear capacity of a bolt from grade, diameter and pitch — thread or shank plane, single or double shear. Shear Pin Diameter Required round pin diameter from shear force, allowable stress, safety factor and shear planes. Bolt Pattern Force Shear load per bolt in a circular pattern under a torsional moment plus direct shear. Thread Pitch Diameter Pitch (effective) diameter of a 60° thread by the three-wire method, plus the best wire size. Thread Engagement Check engaged thread length against internal and external thread stripping for metric, UNC and UNF threads. Torque to Tension Convert tightening torque to bolt tension, or target preload to required torque, with nut factor K. Bolt Elongation Elastic bolt stretch, stress and strain from preload, stressed length, area and modulus. Bolt Bearing Stress Average bolt or pin bearing stress from projected area d*t, load per fastener and allowable stress. Epoxy Anchor Pullout Formula-only adhesive anchor tension screen from entered embedment, bond stress, steel stress and safety factor. Clevis Pin Clevis pin shear, bending, eye bearing, fork bearing and utilization from load and lug geometry. Weld Group Rectangular weld-group stress and required fillet leg under eccentric in-plane loading.
K-Factor Back-solve sheet-metal K-factor from measured bend data, compare copper/metal starter bands, and report bend deduction, setback and neutral-axis offset. Bend Allowance Bend allowance, deduction and setback from angle, radius, thickness and K-factor. Bend Deduction Flat blank length, bend deduction and normalized bend deduction chart for press-brake layout. Cone Flat Pattern Conical frustum flat pattern radii, sector angle, slant height, arc lengths and blank area from diameters and height. Square to Round Transition Square or rectangular-to-round transition layout worksheet with station true lengths, perimeter mismatch, blank area, seam allowance and shell mass. Box Flat Pattern Open sheet-metal box or tray blank size, bend-line offsets, bend deduction, bend allowance and corner relief from base size, side height, radius and K-factor. Press Brake Tonnage Air-bending press force from thickness, bend length, V-die opening and material strength. Punching Force Punch tonnage F = perimeter × t × shear strength for round, rectangular or custom punches, plus stripping force. V-Die Opening Air-bending die selection: V = m×t (rule of 8), floated inside radius ≈ %×V, minimum flange 0.77×V, V/t safety check. Powder Coating Coverage Powder coating coverage, pounds to plan, net fresh powder and material cost from area, film thickness, powder SG, transfer efficiency and reclaim. Anodizing Amp-Hour Anodizing current, amp-hours, runtime, rectifier utilization and oxide mass from aluminum area, film thickness, current density and efficiency. Electroplating Thickness Electroplating thickness, time, amp-hours, current, rectifier utilization and deposited metal mass from area, current density, efficiency and Faraday material data.
Section Modulus Area moment I, section modulus S = I/c, area and neutral axis for a rectangle, round, tube, I-beam, channel, tee or angle. Block Shear Capacity AISC 360 block shear rupture (Eq. J4-5): Rn = 0.6·Fu·Anv + Ubs·Fu·Ant capped by gross-section yield, with LRFD φRn and ASD Rn/Ω from your shear and tension areas. Tension Member Capacity AISC 360 D2 tension capacity: lesser of gross yielding Fy·Ag and net rupture Fu·Ae (Ae = An·U), in LRFD or ASD, with the governing limit named. Whitmore Section Gusset-plate Whitmore effective width b_eff = w + 2·L·tan(30°), Whitmore area and tension-yield capacity (LRFD/ASD). Compression buckling is a separate check. Shaft Diameter Required solid shaft diameter from torque, bending moment, allowable shear and safety factor. Shaft Torsion Circular-shaft torsion stress, angle of twist, polar moment J and torque capacity. Shaft Deflection Bending deflection, stress and I for a round shaft as a beam (simply supported or cantilever). Column Buckling Euler critical load, effective length, slenderness and utilization for columns or cylinder rods. Square Tube Deflection Deflection, stress and I of a square/rectangular HSS tube used as a beam. Beam Deflection General beam deflection, bending moment and stress from I and S for common point and uniform load cases. Beam Load Capacity Allowable beam load from section modulus, span and allowable bending stress. Lintel Size Preliminary lintel sizing from opening span, bearing, wall and floor/roof line loads, entered section S/I, bending, shear, deflection and bearing checks. Deck Joist Span Preliminary deck joist span from joist size, spacing, live/dead loads and entered E, Fb and Fv values. Deck Beam Span Preliminary deck beam span and post-spacing screen from built-up plies, tributary deck width, loads and entered E, Fb and Fv values. Deck Ledger Fastener Spacing Deck ledger line load and fastener spacing screen from tributary width, area loads and entered allowable per fastener. Deck Footing Size Preliminary deck or post footing bearing area, round diameter, square width, selected footing utilization and concrete quantity from load and entered allowable soil bearing. Wood Beam Span Preliminary sawn-lumber beam or joist span from 2x size, spacing, live/dead loads and entered E, Fb and Fv values. Notched Joist Capacity Elastic net-section bending, shear and notch-depth ratio screen for a notched rectangular joist or beam. Deck Board Decking board count, board rows, linear decking, fasteners and board cost from deck size and board layout. Deck Diagonal Board Diagonal deck board rows, linear decking, boards to buy, longest run and cost from deck size, angle and board layout. Deck Footing Concrete Concrete volume, bag count and concrete weight for round deck footings from diameter, depth and count. Concrete Slab Rectangular slab concrete volume, cubic yards, bags, ready-mix truckloads, weight and entered-price cost from dimensions, count and waste. Rebar Spacing Rectangular slab, wall or footing rebar layout takeoff: bar count, actual spacing, total length, stock sticks and estimated weight. Rebar Lap Splice Length Formula-only lap splice length, available-lap margin and lap allowance from entered development basis, splice factors and bar count. Wood Fence Material Wood fence posts, sections, rails, pickets, gate openings, post-hole concrete bags and material cost from a linear fence run. Rafter Common rafter length, roof rise, pitch angle, overhang tail length and rafter count for gable roof layout. Roof Ventilation Attic roof ventilation net free area, intake/exhaust split, vent count or linear feet and NFA balance from floor area and product data. Compound Miter Crown molding miter and bevel settings from corner angle and spring angle, plus flat trim/baseboard miter mode. Trim Molding Baseboard, crown, chair rail or casing linear feet, stock pieces, waste, leftover and material cost from room dimensions and openings. Stair Stringer Stair riser count, actual riser height, tread count, total run, stringer length and stair angle from total rise and tread run. Standing Rigging Wire Size Sailboat rigging wire required breaking strength, safety factor, utilization, initial tension and elastic stretch from load and wire data. Standing Rigging Tension Sailboat standing-rigging target tension, measured tension error, turnbuckle take-up, predicted tension, stretch and utilization from wire strength, span and thread pitch. Standing Rigging Spec Sailboat replacement stay or shroud cut wire length, pin-to-pin breakdown, turnbuckle setup, take-up reserve, turns and stretch allowance. Wire Rope Stretch Wire rope or standing-rigging elastic stretch, constructional stretch, total stretch, stiffness and metallic area. Sling Angle Load Multi-leg sling or bridle angle tension, angle factor, required per-leg WLL and utilization from load, loaded legs and sling angle. Rigging Center of Gravity Two-pick rigging center-of-gravity load share, left/right pick loads, sling-leg tension, WLL utilization and limiting total load. Rigging Hitch Capacity Sling capacity in vertical, choker or basket hitch — card factors (75%/200%) with basket leg-angle reduction, tag-adjustable. Outrigger Pad Size Crane pad/mat bearing area from outrigger reaction ÷ allowable ground pressure, plus the GBP check of the pad you carry. LVL Beam Preliminary LVL beam sizing from span, plies, depth, uniform line loads and product design values, with bending, shear and deflection checks.
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