Springs Calculators

These tools cover the helical springs you actually have to size and check. The spring pitch calculator isolates the geometry questions: solid height by end type, body pitch p = d + (L₀ − Ls)/Nₐ, active-coil gap, travel to solid and required free length from a target pitch. The compression spring calculator then works the rate k = G·d⁴/(8·D³·Nₐ) from wire size, mean coil diameter, active coils and material, returning Wahl-corrected inner-fibre shear stress and a buckling verdict — the failure modes a bare rate formula misses. For dedicated stability work, the spring buckling calculator isolates effective slenderness, no-buckling free length, critical deflection, critical load and required mean diameter. Need to work backward from a load point? The spring design calculator starts with k = F/x, chooses wire diameter from spring index, and solves the active coil count before checking stress and travel.

For inverse sizing, the spring wire size calculator solves d = (8·k·D³·Nₐ/G)^(1/4) from a target rate, while the force and deflection pages solve F = k·x in either direction, including spring deflection under load. The spring natural frequency calculator carries that rate into a dynamic screen by estimating wire mass, effective moving mass, natural frequency and operating-frequency separation. The music wire spring calculator fixes the material to ASTM A228 and exposes size-dependent tensile strength and allowable stress for the most common small spring wire.

For geometry screening, the spring index calculator converts mean, outside and inside diameters and flags C = D/d outside the practical range. Extension springs add built-in initial tension (F = Fᵢ + k·x); the extension spring calculator keeps that preload explicit, and the extension spring hook stress calculator screens end-loop bending and side torsion from load, wire size, bend radii and entered allowables. Torsion springs load the wire in bending, so the rate uses Young's modulus and the bending Wahl factor Kb. Every result cites the governing formula, with shear moduli and allowable stresses drawn from our spring wire material properties table.