Solenoid Force Calculator
SI
Imp
Imperial
Inputs
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Coil turns
(N)
Total turns in the winding.
Coil current
(I)
Current through the coil.
A
Pole diameter
(d_p)
Effective circular pole-face diameter.
mm
Air gap
(g)
Working air gap between pole face and armature.
mm
Core path length
(l_c)
Approximate ferromagnetic path length in the core and armature.
mm
Relative permeability
(mu_r)
First-pass effective core permeability. Real steel varies strongly with B.
Leakage factor
(k_l)
Percent of ideal gap flux retained after leakage/fringing. Use lower values for open geometries and large gaps.
%
Saturation flux density
(B_sat)
Approximate usable saturation limit for the core material.
T
Results
Default result
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Estimated pull force
(F)
80.85
N
Pass
18.18 lbf
Also computed
Equivalent static mass
(m_eq)
8.245
kg
Effective flux density
(B_eff)
Pass
1.34
T
Raw gap flux density
(B_raw)
1.915
T
Saturation utilization
(B/B_sat)
Pass
83.78
%
Ampere-turns
(NI)
1,600
A·turn
Pole area
(A)
113.1
mm²
Magnetic pressure
(p_m)
0.7149
MPa
Show 1 more results
Pull force vs Air gap
Gap dominates this first-pass force estimate. Use the curve to see how quickly pull force falls as stroke or clearance increases.
Pull force vs Air gap
0
50
100
150
0
1
2
3
4
5
working gap
Air gap (mm)
Pull force (N)
Gap dominates this first-pass force estimate. Use the curve to see how quickly pull force falls as stroke or clearance increases.
Method notes
3 notes
Magnetic circuit uses B_raw = mu0*N*I/(g + l_core/mu_r), then applies the leakage factor and saturation cap.
Pull force uses F = B_eff^2*A/(2*mu0) at the pole face.
Real solenoid force depends on plunger shape, stroke, fringing, coil heating, steel B-H curve and dynamics; validate final designs with test or FEA.
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